Xander,
I'll give it a go for you. First off it depends on your intended use. I would not run a race motor on the street much, but I would run a well built street motor on the track. For instance when I was racing Honda 500 singles I used the Wiseco 12.5:1 piston and it would detonate like crazy unless race gas was used. I never ran that set-up on the street.
So for a good place to start with HP performance mods; 4 stroke
1. Good exhaust - better gas flow and less weight
2. Bigger more easily adjusted carbs - EG VM- series Mikunis
Trade off- usually loss of bottom end torque
3. Ported head and good valve job
possible trade off - loss of bottom end - might not notice on the street
4. Cam and valve springs - depending on cam can add HP wherever you want within reason.
5. Higher compression bigger bore pistons - power gain everywhere in the rev range. Guaranteed loss of engine life. Places additional strain on crankshafts, rods, bearings, seals, clutches, some primary drives, etc.
A 2 stroke is a little different.
1. Match the cylinder ports to the liner and the cases to smooth the flow. This should level out the torque curve everywhere. A basic blueprinting operation.
2. On a multi, cc the heads to balance the power pulses.- should make for a smoother revving engine.
3. with a reed valve engine, replace the reeds with more flexible, stronger reeds. Better bottom end smoother transitions.
4. Good exhaust expansion chambers - will narrow up the power band. Depends on the pipes where it will be.
5. Bigger carbs - will narrow up the power band but you will be able to compensate for the pipes creating rich and lean spots. You may need to go with power jet Mikunis to avoid excessive lean spots on acceleration.
6. Porting the cylinder, raising and lowering ports, cutting piston skirts and crowns, changing squish bands in the heads, opening piston windows in the skirts. Vary dramatically from engine to engine and need to be done by an expert!!!! Will dramatically decrease engine component life. Crank life may become measured in tens of hours. Piston and ring life in increments of single hours under race conditions.
2 strokes are much more sensitive and failure can be much more catastrophic. From my personal experience, I generally don't care for the 2 strokes as much, although I have raced them and probably will do so again and I really want a big air cooled 2 stroke cafe racer for the street. In either case, I will have a stock engine with cleaned up and matched ports, a bottom end expansion chamber and stock carb. Since I know a little bit about racing 2- strokes I will take a look at the piston crown to get an idea about flame fronts and such and if need be send the head out to an expert to get reshaped for better gas flow not more HP. I don't like lean and rich spots during the combustion process.
My good CB350 has stock(K0)cam, mildly ported head, stock pistons, 2-1 exhaust and stock carbs. It needs bigger better carbs cause it runs out of breath on top end. It is a good streetable engine and competative on the track. I believe Tex's is about the same. I have built stronger CB350 race motors in the past. High compression big bore pistons - eventually cracked rings after 2 seasons, lots of races. Webcam, lightened valves, light retainers, heavy duty springs - got leaking cam seals, broken retainers, scuffed cam bearings, worn rockers and seized valve guides. Normal wear for that set-up. I ran 30mm Lectron carbs that would stick open in the rain but made great HP. I won 5 or 6 WERA regional championships with that bike and missed more practice time and sleep than I am willing to put up with anymore. If it isn't reliable on the street or the track I am not interested.
So my suggestion is if you are not experienced in building engines, I would not go beyond basic blueprinting or what is known to be a basic improvement proven to work or not work on your particular bike. For instance, on a Yamaha 2-stroke twin do not use individual air cleaners with a hard back end because it causes wave issues in the intake and makes the carbs difficult if not impossible to tune. For the RD series and presumably the DS7/R5( but who knows for sure since they ar piston port not reed valve engines) the best solution is to use the stock RD intake rubbers with a K&N filter.
Sorry about the long post, but there is no easy answer and we haven't even gotten into the peculiarities of individual differences of various makes and models.
Ken
AHRMA 412
Vintage racing - old guys on old bikes